Polonnaruwa Ancient City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a testament to the architectural and cultural achievements of Sri Lanka’s medieval period.

Once the thriving capital of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom (11th-13th century), it showcases a blend of Buddhist and Hindu influences.

Historical Significance

Polonnaruwa became the capital after the fall of Anuradhapura due to repeated South Indian invasions. Under King Vijayabahu I, the city was fortified, but it was during King Parakramabahu I’s reign that Polonnaruwa reached its zenith. His efforts in irrigation and architecture transformed Polonnaruwa into a thriving center of trade, agriculture, and culture.

Key Attractions

1. Gal Vihara
   • A masterpiece of Sri Lankan rock carving.
   • Features four Buddha statues (standing, seated, and reclining) carved into granite.
   • The artistry and spiritual significance make it a must-see.
2. Parakrama Samudraya
   • A vast reservoir spanning 2,400 hectares.
   • Constructed by King Parakramabahu I to ensure agricultural sustainability.
   • Reflects the advanced hydraulic engineering of ancient Sri Lanka.
3. Sacred Quadrangle
   • A collection of religious monuments in one area.
   • Includes the Vatadage, Thuparama, and Hatadage.
   • The Vatadage, with its circular design and intricate carvings, is particularly renowned.
4. Royal Palace Complex
   • Believed to have housed 1,000 rooms.
   • Constructed during King Parakramabahu’s reign.
   • Only the foundation and a few walls remain, hinting at its former grandeur.
5. Lankathilaka Image House
   • A towering brick structure with a colossal standing Buddha statue.
   • Showcases impressive brickwork and Buddhist architectural styles.
6. Rankoth Vehera
   • A large stupa, 54 meters high.
   • Built by King Nissanka Malla, who also contributed to many other structures in Polonnaruwa.
7. Shiva Devale No. 1
   • One of the oldest structures in Polonnaruwa.
   • Reflects Hindu influences due to South Indian connections.
   • Made entirely of stone, showcasing remarkable preservation.
8. Nissanka Latha Mandapaya
   • A pavilion with unique lotus-shaped stone pillars.
   • Believed to have been used for reciting Buddhist scriptures.
9. Kiri Vehera
   • The second-largest stupa in Polonnaruwa.
   • Whitewashed and well-preserved, it is a serene spot for visitors.